Microservice Transition and its Granularity Problem: A Systematic Mapping Study

Microservices have gained wide recognition and acceptance in software industries as an emerging architectural style for autonomic, scalable, and more reliable computing. The transition to microservices has been highly motivated by the need for better alignment of technical design decisions with improving value potentials of architectures. Despite microservices' popularity, research still lacks disciplined understanding of transition and consensus on the principles and activities underlying "micro-ing" architectures. In this paper, we report on a systematic mapping study that consolidates various views, approaches and activities that commonly assist in the transition to microservices. The study aims to provide a better understanding of the transition; it also contributes a working definition of the transition and technical activities underlying it. We term the transition and technical activities leading to microservice architectures as microservitization. We then shed light on a fundamental problem of microservitization: microservice granularity and reasoning about its adaptation as first-class entities. This study reviews state-of-the-art and -practice related to reasoning about microservice granularity; it reviews modelling approaches, aspects considered, guidelines and processes used to reason about microservice granularity. This study identifies opportunities for future research and development related to reasoning about microservice granularity.Comment: 36 pages including references, 6 figures, and 3 table

Optimization of Resource-intensive Dynamic Systems with A Continuous Supply of Raw Materials According to the Criterion of Minimum Use of Reserves

Optimization of production processes has always been one of the cornerstones for industrial enterprises seeking to improve productivity while minimizing the costs involved. A particularly difficult situation is when it is necessary to manage the process of the entire production chain with a continuous supply of raw materials. It is necessary to keep under control the actual production data, current production requirements, and adhere to the International strategy of energy saving. This paper reports a devised optimal dynamic system with a continuous supply of raw materials, which automatically changes the control trajectory in order to reduce the amount of resources used. The theoretical scientific component is represented in the form of an interface model of the system, and the research results are represented in the form of time diagrams that show the verification of the proposed model. The model provides for the interconnection of the chain of such developed dynamical systems, in which the continuity of the process is ensured by buffering systems, and the optimality of operation is enabled by adaptation mechanisms. The time diagrams can demonstrate the interaction of systems and mechanisms that generate information signals through the port sections. At each subsequent control action, the process parameter changes were made within a set range. As a result of a targeted search for permissible controls, the system, driven by the adaptation mechanism, enabled a gradual reduction in the consumption of the energy product and stabilized the intensity of the target product being processed, which made it possible to subsequently avoid shutdowns and restarts of the production line and reduce overall production costs

Development of Specialized Services for Predicting the Business Activity Indicators Based on Micro–service Architecture

The proposed mathematical model of specialized services for the prediction of arbitrary indicators of company activity is presented as a part of the micro-service architecture of the information system of an enterprise and provides dynamic replacement or addition of the prediction models without changing the overall algorithm of service operation. This model assigns a formal basis for the intra-component interaction of the service and makes it possible to change, add, and delete prediction services without the need for resetting the information environment of a company.The prediction model was proposed as a part of the prediction service of the company IS, based on neural network with the embedded model of moving average. This model allowed improvement of quality of predictive assessment in the case of existence of a trend in comparison with the classical neural network model due to the embedded model of moving average.The algorithm was developed for training a neural network forecasting model with the embedded moving average model, based on the inverse error spread, which allows us to tune the model to the examined time series.We considered practical aspects of using a specialized prediction service, a client application to this service, which clearly demonstrates its functionality under the mode of checking appropriateness of using a certain prediction model on a specific type of preset data

Formal Signs Determination of Efficiency Assessment Indicators for the Operation with the Distributed Parameters

Optimization criterion is a reference point for the choice of such technological process parameters to provide the maximum coherence of operational process results with the purpose of its owner. The complexity of this task is mostly connected with the fact that up to the present moment a large number of indicators, designed for operational processes efficiency assessment have already been developed and continue to be developed. It is especially important for operations with the distributed parameters.Therefore, the priority is a preliminary selection of the known indicators with the use of formal signs. It allows reducing significantly the number and the length of the studies at the second and the final testing stages with applying the methods of mathematical modeling.With the use of the cybernetic production operation model, created in the work, the formal signs, which should have the estimated indicators, proposed for efficiency definition of operations with the distributed parameters have been defined.As a result of the performed researches, it has been established that any system operation model can be presented in the form of parametrically comparable input and output functions.As the efficiency of operations with the distributed in time parameters is essentially affected by the distribution function form, the possibility of separate classes' comparative assessment of such operations has been investigated.It has been established that the second integrated parameter from the input and output function has sensitivity to a change in the distribution function form.The obtained results can be used for the selection of indicators designed to measure operations efficiency by formal signs. Also, the results of the work can be used for cybernetic estimated indicators creation

Development of Structural-parametric Optimization Method in Systems with Continuous Feeding of Technological Products

Increasing the efficiency of continuous technological processes, in practice, involves certain difficulties. The presence of these difficulties is due to the fact that the technological product quality is functionally related to energy consumption. In turn, the lack of necessary degrees of freedom, within the framework of the system under investigation, limits the optimization capabilities of control processes.To increase the degrees of freedom of control, the technological mechanism was divided into technological sections. The sections allow collecting independent modules, each of which has its own subsystem of stabilization of the technological product qualitative parameter.This approach allowed us to set different trajectories of changes in the technological product qualitative parameters within one production stage.As a result of the research, it was found that the change in the technological mechanism structure (the modules number) and the trajectory of the change in the technological product qualitative parameter made it possible to change the total energy consumption and wear of the working mechanisms of equipment.The proposed approach made possible to obtain two degrees of freedom of control: the possibility of changing the sectional structure into self-stabilizing modular systems and changing the trajectory of the technological product qualitative parameter within the production stage.The obtaining of degrees of freedom of control, in turn, allowed to change the resource efficiency of the continuous technological process and to develop the method of structural-parametric optimization. As an optimization criterion, an evaluation indicator was used, which was verified for the possibility to use it as an efficiency criterion.As a result, the optimization control capabilities are significantly increased.The principles of the approach are considered in the work with the example of one-, two- and three-step process of continuous liquid heating